The construction industry encompasses the planning, design, building, and maintenance of infrastructure and buildings. This includes residential, commercial, and industrial buildings, as well as public infrastructure like roads, bridges, and airports. Construction projects can be led by small firms or massive international corporations and can range from local residential buildings to large-scale infrastructure projects. Technological advancements in construction methods, building materials, and project management have enhanced productivity, reduced costs, and improved safety. This industry is also a major driver of employment and economic development, with construction often acting as a key sector in urbanization and development in emerging economies.